Human alveolar basal epithelial cells are a type of cell that line the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place. These cells are part of the respiratory system and are essential for breathing. They are also known as type II pneumocytes and are responsible for producing surfactant, a substance that helps to reduce the surface tension in the alveoli and prevent them from collapsing.

Alveolar basal epithelial cells are also involved in repairing damaged lung tissue and maintaining the integrity of the alveolar barrier. They play an important role in protecting the lungs from infection and other harmful substances by producing immune molecules and removing debris and pathogens.

These cells are vulnerable to damage from environmental factors such as cigarette smoke, pollution, and infections, which can lead to lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Studying alveolar basal epithelial cells is important for understanding the mechanisms underlying these diseases and developing new treatments to improve lung health.