Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) is a type of cell culture medium that is commonly used in biological research to grow and maintain many types of mammalian cells in vitro. It was developed by Italian-American virologist, Renato Dulbecco, in the 1950s as a modification of Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (MEM).

DMEM is composed of essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, as well as glucose and sodium bicarbonate, which provide an optimal environment for the growth and proliferation of mammalian cells. It also contains non-essential amino acids, which can be used by cells for protein synthesis.

DMEM can be supplemented with various growth factors, hormones, and other additives to promote the growth of specific cell types. For example, fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly added to DMEM to provide essential nutrients and growth factors to support the growth of many cell types.

DMEM has become a standard cell culture medium in many research labs due to its versatility, reliability, and compatibility with a wide range of cell types. It is used in many applications, including basic research, drug discovery, and biomanufacturing.